Which condition involves lipid deposits in artery walls leading to narrowing?

• A. Hypertension
• B. Cholesterol
• C. Atherosclerosis
• D. Sphygmomanometer

Answer: (C)

Atherosclerosis is the buildup of lipids in the inner walls of arteries that forms plaques and narrows the vessel lumen. When LDL cholesterol infiltrates the arterial intima, it attracts immune cells that become foam cells, creating fatty streaks that evolve into plaques. As these plaques grow, they encroach on the space through which blood travels, reducing flow and increasing the risk of blockage or thrombosis. This lipid-driven narrowing is the key feature of the condition.

Hypertension is high blood pressure, a separate condition and risk factor. Cholesterol refers to the lipid itself and, while involved, isn’t a disease. A sphygmomanometer is just the device used to measure blood pressure.